Perception
Define Perception
Perception may be defined as process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impression in order to give meaning to the.r environment. Perception is described as a person’s view of reality.
Perception is an important mediating cognitive process. Through this complex process, people make interpretations of the stimulus or situation they are faced with. Both selectivity and organization go 'into perceptual, interpretations.
Basic Perceptual Process
Perception is influenced by characteristics of the object being perceived, by the characteristics of the person and by the situational processes. Perception is a screen or filter through which information passes before having an effect on people. It consists of:
1.Perceptual input - Information, object, event, people, symbols etc. Characteristics of the object include contrast, intensity, movement, repetition and novelty. Characteristics of the person include attitude, self-concept and personality.
2 Perceptual mechanism - receiving of information by means of five senses from the external environment and process them to form output. It includes:
a. Perceptual receiving
b. Perceptual selectivity
c. Perceptual organization
d. Perceptual Interpretation (perceptual context, perceptual defense, halo effect, projection, attribution, stereo typing etc.)
3.Perceptual output - behavioral outcome of perceptual mechanism. It is the result of perceptual process. It includes attitude, opinions, feelings, values and behaviour The details of a particular situation affect the way a person perceives an object;the same person may perceive the same object very differently in different situations. The processes through which a person's perceptions are altered by the situation include selection, organization, attribution, projection, stereotyping process, and the halo effect process. Among these, selective perception and stereotyping are particularly relevant to organisations.
Perceptual context
Sometimes visual stimuli will be completely meaningless without context. In organization, a pat on the back, a suggestive gesture, a raised eyebrow etc. will be meaningless without proper context. They will be made more meaningful if an employee receives a pat on the back for enhancement of his performance and like that.
perceptual defense
People often screen out perceptual stimuli that make them uncomfortable and dissatisfying people generally build defense against stimuli or events that are either personally or culturally unacceptable or threatening. Perceptual defence is performed by
a. Denying the existence or importance of conflicting information.
b. Distorting the new information to match the old
c. Acknowledging the existence of new information but treating it as a non- representative exception.
Selective Perception
Selective perception is the process of screening out information that we are uncomfortable with or that contradicts our beliefs. For example, a manager has a very positive attitude about a particular worker and one day he notices that the worker seems to be goofing up. Selective perception may make the manager to quickly disregard what he observed. For example, a manager who has formed a very negative attitude about a particular worker and he happens to observe a high performance from the same worker.In this case influenced by the selective perception process he too will disregard it.
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June 29, 2022
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